ISRO: Indian Space Research Organization

     Vikram Sarabhai, an affluent family student moved to Cambridge after matriculation. After pursuing the tripods degree from St. John's college in 1940 started to work with C.V Raman as a research scholar. In 1947, after completing Ph. D in Cambridge university started to work on Physical research laboratory (PRL) which is also called as the cradle of space sciences in India.

     In 4th October 1957, Russia creates mile stone in the world by launching first ever artificial satellite on earth. Looking at the importance of the artificial satellite to the nation Vikram with Dr. Ramanathan speaks to Nehru the first prime minister of independent India.

     The requirement of advance technology to improve India lead to the establishment of a healthy organization i.e Indian Space Research Organization shortly ISRO previously called Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR). The organization established in 1962 and the renamed as ISRO in 1969.

    The first launch happened on 21st November 1963 at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The 70KG sounding rockets which are imported from Russia and France helped to probe atmosphere and to study space.

    You can see the complete satellites list launched from ISRO here.

MOM: Mars Orbitory Mission: From Intra-planetary to Inter-planetary

    MOM Asia's first mission to reach Mars successfully. The mission put Indian's space vision to its next level. The first country to try to reach Mars is Russia which reached Mars in its 10th attempt. NASA from the US reached in its second attempt. NASA's first mission failed in payload separation. Japan's mission ran out of fuel before reaching Mars, they not yet tried to reach Mars.

Payload packed with 5 components 

1. Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA) to study Martian atmosphere

2. Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM) is designed to measure Methane (CH4) in the Martian atmosphere

3. Mars Color Camera (MCC) the tri-color Mars Color camera gives images & information about the surface features and composition of Martian surface

4. Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP) It measures the relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen from Lyman-alpha emission in the Martian upper atmosphere (typically Exosphere and exobase),

5. Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (TIS) to measure the thermal emission and can be operated during both day and night.

    The first attempt from India to reach Mars took over 300 days from 3rd November 2013 to 24th September 2014 after leaving earth. The 25th flight of PSLV (PSLV-C25) carried 1337 KGs (Lift off Mass) to the extreme point of the earth which is 23500 KMs away with 19.2-degree inclination with respect to the equator.

   To track the satellite 32 antenna ground station support are established across the world including 2 antennae in Pacific ocean.